Understanding How COVID-19 Vaccines Work
The covid-19 pandemic still continues and in some countries, covid vaccination drives are at the end. But still many people are aware of how these Covid-19 vaccines work?
Everyone experiences the worst situation ever before in this covid-19 pandemic, never before everyone is isolated inside the home. Not a single person comes on the road during the lockdown.
We saw these types of situations in the movie only, but during this pandemic, we are the witness of such a situation.
Everyone needs to take the Covid-19 vaccine if we want to end this pandemic. In the market right now there are many covid-19 vaccines are available, you can easily go and take your jab easily.
Vaccines are the product of science, our all scientists from all around the world do research day and night and found these vaccines to stop the covid-19 vaccines.
The doubt comes to mind like how does the covid vaccine work really? what does the covid vaccine do? in the article, we try to cover all this information.
Please let us know your feedback and any suggestion on the article, we will try to implement it for sure, hope you loved the article.
How do vaccines work?
In the market, there are different types of vaccines available which work differently to offer better protection.
But all the covid-19 vaccines, a supply of “memory” is left with a body, “T-lymphocytes as well as B-lymphocytes” which will remember how to prevent that virus in the future.
But these T-lymphocytes and B-lymphocytes will not produce immediately after taking the vaccine, it will take few weeks after the vaccination for the body to produce.
Therefore it is possible that a person can be infected with a covid-19 virus, before taking the vaccine or after taking the vaccine, and also get sick because the vaccine did not get enough time to work.
Covid-19 vaccines require more than one shot
One Shot:
In the market, there are vaccines that require taking only one shot, and you can consider fully vaccinated two weeks after you are first shot.
You have to take only one shot of Johnson & Jonson’s Janssen Covid-19 vaccine.
Two Shot:
Some vaccines require two shots to get fully vaccinated, Once you take the second dose of the vaccine, consider you are fully vaccinated after two weeks.
Pfizer-BioNTech, Covishield, and many vaccines required two doses of vaccines.
Covid-19 vaccine efficacy and effectiveness
These all Covid-19 vaccines are approved by the WHO (World Health Organization) and before approval, they test the efficacy of the vaccine.
Each vaccine is tested ad need to go under the clinical trials to verify their quality, safety, and efficacy.
To get the vaccine approved by WHO (World Health Organization), vaccines require to have a high efficacy rate of a minimum of 50% or above that.
If these vaccines have a high efficacy rate of a minimum of 50% or more than that, It gets approval from WHO (World Health Organization) else until they prove efficacy rate more than 50% they do not get approval.
In a controlled clinical trial Covid-19 vaccine’s efficacy is measured. This trial based on the comparison of people who got vaccinated developed the “outcome of interest” with people who got the dummy vaccine developed the same outcome.
Once this trial and study get completed, the number of people who are sick are compared to calculate the relative risk of getting sick which depends on whether the subject received the vaccine or not.
And this is how we get the efficacy – a measure of how much the vaccine lowered the risk of becoming sick.
Depending on how well the vaccine works in a real-world measure the effectiveness.
This clinical trial involves a wide range of people of a wide range of age, both sexes, different backgrounds, and those with known medical health or history. But these peoples are not the perfect representation of the whole world or population.
By observing how well these vaccination is working to protect the different communities as a whole Effectiveness is measured.
Effectiveness can be different from the efficacy which is measured in the trial.
Types of Covid-19 Vaccines
Majorly there are three types of Covid-19 vaccines that are authorized and recommended.
- mRNA vaccines
- Protein subunit vaccines
- Vector vaccines
mRNA vaccines:
mRNA type of vaccines made of the material from the virus, which is responsible to cause Covid-19. The material gives a direction to our body’s cells for how to make a harmless protein that is unique to the Covid-19 virus.
Once our body cells make copies of the protein, they destroy this generic material from the vaccine.
Our bodies start building the T-lymphocytes and B-lymphocytes once they recognize that the protein should not be there, these T-lymphocytes and B-lymphocytes remember how to prevent or fight the virus if we get infected in the future by the Covid-19 virus.
Protein subunit vaccines:
The Protein subunit vaccines do not include the entire germ, it include the harmless proteins of the virus which are responsible to cause Covid-19.
Our bodies start building the T-lymphocytes and B-lymphocytes once they recognize that the protein should not be there, these T-lymphocytes and B-lymphocytes remember how to prevent or fight the virus if we get infected in the future by the Covid-19 virus.
Vector vaccines:
The covid-19 pandemic still continues and in some countries, covid vaccination drives are at the end. But still many people are aware of how these Covid-19 vaccines work?
Everyone experiences the worst situation ever before in this covid-19 pandemic, never before everyone is isolated inside the home. Not a single person comes on the road during the lockdown.
We saw these types of situations in the movie only, but during this pandemic, we are the witness of such a situation.
Everyone needs to take the Covid-19 vaccine if we want to end this pandemic. In the market right now there are many covid-19 vaccines are available, you can easily go and take your jab easily.
Vaccines are the product of science, our all scientists from all around the world do research day and night and found these vaccines to stop the covid-19 vaccines.
The doubt comes to mind like how does the covid vaccine work really? what does the covid vaccine do? in the article, we try to cover all this information.
Please let us know your feedback and any suggestion on the article, we will try to implement it for sure, hope you loved the article.
How do vaccines work?
In the market, there are different types of vaccines available which work differently to offer better protection.
But all the covid-19 vaccines, a supply of “memory” is left with a body, “T-lymphocytes as well as B-lymphocytes” which will remember how to prevent that virus in the future.
But these T-lymphocytes and B-lymphocytes will not produce immediately after taking the vaccine, it will take few weeks after the vaccination for the body to produce.
Therefore it is possible that a person can be infected with a covid-19 virus, before taking the vaccine or after taking the vaccine, and also get sick because the vaccine did not get enough time to work.
Covid-19 vaccines require more than one shot
One Shot:
In the market, there are vaccines that require taking only one shot, and you can consider fully vaccinated two weeks after you are first shot.
You have to take only one shot of Johnson & Jonson’s Janssen Covid-19 vaccine.
Two Shot:
Some vaccines require two shots to get fully vaccinated, Once you take the second dose of the vaccine, consider you are fully vaccinated after two weeks.
Pfizer-BioNTech, Covishield, and many vaccines required two doses of vaccines.
Covid-19 vaccine efficacy and effectiveness
These all Covid-19 vaccines are approved by the WHO (World Health Organization) and before approval, they test the efficacy of the vaccine.
Each vaccine is tested ad need to go under the clinical trials to verify their quality, safety, and efficacy.
To get the vaccine approved by WHO (World Health Organization), vaccines require to have a high efficacy rate of a minimum of 50% or above that.
If these vaccines have a high efficacy rate of a minimum of 50% or more than that, It gets approval from WHO (World Health Organization) else until they prove efficacy rate more than 50% they do not get approval.
In a controlled clinical trial Covid-19 vaccine’s efficacy is measured. This trial based on the comparison of people who got vaccinated developed the “outcome of interest” with people who got the dummy vaccine developed the same outcome.
Once this trial and study get completed, the number of people who are sick are compared to calculate the relative risk of getting sick which depends on whether the subject received the vaccine or not.
And this is how we get the efficacy – a measure of how much the vaccine lowered the risk of becoming sick.
Depending on how well the vaccine works in a real-world measure the effectiveness.
This clinical trial involves a wide range of people of a wide range of age, both sexes, different backgrounds, and those with known medical health or history. But these peoples are not the perfect representation of the whole world or population.
By observing how well these vaccination is working to protect the different communities as a whole Effectiveness is measured.
Effectiveness can be different from the efficacy which is measured in the trial.
Types of Covid-19 Vaccines
Majorly there are three types of Covid-19 vaccines that are authorized and recommended.
mRNA vaccines
Protein subunit vaccines
Vector vaccines
mRNA vaccines:
mRNA type of vaccines made of the material from the virus, which is responsible to cause Covid-19. The material gives a direction to our body’s cells for how to make a harmless protein that is unique to the Covid-19 virus.
Once our body cells make copies of the protein, they destroy this generic material from the vaccine.
Our bodies start building the T-lymphocytes and B-lymphocytes once they recognize that the protein should not be there, these T-lymphocytes and B-lymphocytes remember how to prevent or fight the virus if we get infected in the future by the Covid-19 virus.
Protein subunit vaccines:
The Protein subunit vaccines do not include the entire germ, it include the harmless proteins of the virus which are responsible to cause Covid-19.
Our bodies start building the T-lymphocytes and B-lymphocytes once they recognize that the protein should not be there, these T-lymphocytes and B-lymphocytes remember how to prevent or fight the virus if we get infected in the future by the Covid-19 virus.
Vector vaccines:
The Vector vaccines instead of containing the virus that causes Covid-19, contain a modified version of a different virus.
There is the material from the virus which is responsible to cause Covid-19 inside the shell of this modified virus and this is called a “Viral Vector”.
The generic material gives cells direction to make protein which is unique to the virus, responsible to cause the Covid-19.
By using these given directions, our body’s cells start making a copy of the protein. This immediately prompts our bodies to build T-lymphocytes and B-lymphocytes.
These T-lymphocytes and B-lymphocytes remember how to prevent or fight the virus if we get infected in the future by the Covid-19 virus.
